Fact-checking Jim Ratcliffe's claims about immigration and benefits

Billionaire Manchester United co-owner Sir Jim Ratcliffe has been criticised by Sir Keir Starmer and others for saying the UK had been "colonised by immigrants".

The use of the term colonised in the interview with Sky News on Wednesday was followed by an apology from the Ineos boss if his "choice of language has offended some people".

BBC Verify has been examining some of the claims he made on immigration, benefits and energy.

'The population of the UK was 58 million in 2020. Now it's 70 million. That's 12 million people'

The UK population was last estimated to be 58 million in 1995. So that 12 million increase is over more than three decades. Since 1999 migration has been a bigger contributor to population growth than births in most years.

'Nine million on benefits'

Sir Jim was also critical of the UK economy saying "you can't have an economy with nine million people on benefits".

However, a large of portion of those claimants were working and their incomes were topped up by benefits such as Universal Credit (UC) and housing benefit.

When it comes to people receiving benefits because they were out of work, the figures suggest there were about 6.5 million claimants, not nine million.

However, it is true that the number of people on benefits has increased over recent years.

Immigration 'costing too much money'

Whether migrants cost "too much money", as Sir Jim also claimed, is a matter of intense debate.

This includes their age, earnings, their use of public services, and how long they stay in the UK.

"For example, many migrants have a positive impact on public finances when they are young and can't claim benefits, but a negative impact later as they age, use the NHS more, and get access to benefits," he said.

'Huge levels of migrants coming in'

Immigration has been high compared with previous decades. But the numbers dropped sharply in Labour's first year in office, much of which was attributed to restrictions to visas and other measures introduced at the tail end of the previous Conservative government.

However, the latest provisional estimate shows that in the 12 months to June 2025, net migration stood at 204,000 - 78% lower than the 2023 peak. Experts believe it could decline further.

'Energy costs which are three or four times the USA, with carbon taxes which have quadrupled since 2020'

Sir Jim is broadly correct that the UK has relatively high energy prices.

The Department for Energy and Net Zero publishes figures for industrial energy prices comparing the UK with the 27 other countries covered by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

In 2024, the UK had the highest industrial electricity prices of those listed and was 63% above the IEA median (that's the country with the middle price).

For industrial gas, the UK was much closer to the middle of the pack, coming 1.5% below the median.

The most recent available UK-US comparison for gas is from 2023, when the UK price was 4.8 times higher than the US.

The most recent comparison for electricity was 2021, when it was 2.6 times more expensive in the UK, but UK prices have doubled since then.

Sir Jim went on to say "carbon taxes" have quadrupled since 2020.

It is true that carbon prices rose sharply, but they are not four times higher now.

After Brexit, the UK left the EU's carbon market and launched its own one in 2021, allowing companies to buy and sell carbon credits.

The carbon price started at £22 per tonne of CO2, peaked at £97 per tonne during the 2022 energy crisis and is now around £52 per tonne - about two and a half times today.

'About 25% of our GDP was manufacturing [in 1995]'

In 1995, just over 15% of the UK's economic output - known as gross domestic product (GDP) - came from manufacturing

That's ten percentage points lower than the figure Sir Jim claimed.

He went on to say manufacturing also accounted for about 25% of GDP in Germany in 1995 and that the figure remained about "the same today", whereas it had fallen to about 8% in the UK.

The World Bank data shows that while Sir Jim's figures are not exactly right, he is not far off.

It shows manufacturing accounted for 20% of Germany's GDP in 1995, whereas the latest data for 2024 shows it has dropped just two percentage points to 18%.

The UK, meanwhile, has dropped to 8% - the same figure Sir Jim used.

Additional reporting by Ben Chu, Anthony Reuben and Nicholas Barrett